Execution:
- The patient is in supine lying position
- The examiner sits at a right angle at the height of the shoulder to be tested
- The examiner gently grasps the patient’s wrist and elbow and abducts the arm to 90°
- The patient’s forearm is supinated and elbow flexed to 90°
- While the patient relaxes as much as possible, the examiner performs the shoulder apprehension test
- In case of apprehension to further external rotation the patient is asked to flex the elbow against resistance
Positive Outcome: Apprehension does not change with resisted elbow flexion or shoulder pain increases
| Study | Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| Somerville et al. (2017) | NA | 11.9 | 87.5 | 0.95 | 1.01 |
