Execution:
- Patient is in supine lying position
- The patient’s shoulder is brought into 90° of abduction
- The examiner brings the shoulder into maximal external rotation with caution
Positive Outcome: Patient reports fear of luxation and will not allow the examiner to move further into external rotation
| Study | Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| Hegedus et al. (2012) | NA | 65.6 | 95.4 | 17.21 | 0.39 |
| Tzannes et al. (2004) apprehension |
Inter-rater ĸ=0.47 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Eshoj et al. (2018) pain or apprehension |
Inter-rater ĸ=0.65 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| The Apprehension Test can be used to rule in/confirm anterior instability. Biomechanically it makes more sense to horizontally abduct to have the head of the humerus glide anteriorly. | |||||
