Execution:
- The patient stands 1 meter away from the wall
- With an engaged laser pointer the patient is asked to flex his shoulder to 90° (which can be measured with a goniometer or inclinometer app)
- Attach the scoreboard to the wall so that the center is aligned with the laser pointer
- The patient performs 3 practice rounds moving the shoulder into flexion. The 4thtrial is done with the eyes closed
- The patient repeats step 4 with the shoulder moving abduction and returning from external rotation in 90° of abduction
Positive Outcome: The accumulative score of all 3 movements is calculated. A 10% difference between sides indicates decreased proprioception
|
Study |
Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| Vafadar et al. (2016) | Intra-rater к=0.78 Inter-rater к=0.86 |
NA | NA | NA |
NA |
| Comment: The study of Vafadar et al. (2016) was the first study to evaluate the reliability of proprioception by laser pointers | |||||
