L3: Knee extension/Quadriceps

Execution:

  1. Patient is in supine lying position
  2. The examiner places their hand on the patient’s quads of the contralateral leg, while the tested leg is bent over the examiner’s arm
  3. The patient is then asked to extend the knee while the examiner gives resistance

 

Outcome: Decreased strength rated with the MRC scale compared to the other side

 

Study Reliability Sn Sp LR+ LR-
Hancock et al. (2011): L3/L4 Disc Herniation NA 67 40 1.11 0.84
Hancock et al. (2011): L4/L5 Disc Herniation NA 64 42 1.11 0.85
Hancock et al. (2011): L5/S1 Disc Herniation NA 61 39 1 1
Comment: Quadriceps weakness does not seem to be able to identify the level of disc herniation