Execution:
- Patient is in supine lying position with the legs extended
- The examiner grabs onto the distal tibia from the inside, while the other hand fixates the femur laterally. The tibia is in slight lateral rotation
- The examiner then performs passive abduction with a fully extended knee, followed by passive abduction of the knee in 20° of flexion
Positive Outcome: The test is positive in case of increased ROM or change of end-feel compared with the uninjured side, as well as pain reproduction. With the knee in 20° flexion, the medial collateral ligament is mainly tested, while with full extension, the stress on the posteromedial complex is increased
| Study | Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| Harilainen et al. (1987) | NA | 86 | NA | NA | NA |
| Kastelein et al (2008) Pain VST 30° |
NA | 78 | 67 | 2.36 | 0.33 |
| Kastelein et al (2008) Laxity VST 30° |
NA | 91 | 49 | 1.78 | 0.18 |
