- Taking off shoes and socks can already reveal difficulties: Does the patient sit down or is it difficult for them to reach the feet?
- Observe the patient when getting up from a chair: Do they have even weight distribution?
- Standing: Weight shifting? Pain avoidance or natural position?
- One-Leg Stance:
- Rib Cage: Elevation of the Rib Cage when breathing or holding the breath might indicate poor intrinsic core stabilization
- Toe Gripping or toes changing to white color, foot searching for stability, subtalar joint moving into in- or eversion might indicate instability of the foot or core stability in the stance leg with possible gluteus maximus inhibition
- Trendelenburg Sign (Dropping of the contralateral hip to the stance leg): Weakness of the ipsilateral gluteus medius+minimus
- Knees caving in, tibial torsion could indicate gluteus maximum weakness
- Eyes not looking straight ahead might be caused by eye-muscle facilitation which is common is post-traumatic neck injuries
- Eyes closed on one leg: 20s is an acceptable range
Eyes open on one leg: 40s as acceptable range
| Study | Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
