Cardiopulmonary Tract:
| Structure | Segmental innervation | Possible areas of pain referral |
| Heart | T1-T5 | Anterior cervical spine Upper thoracic spine Left upper extremity |
| Lungs and bronchi | T5-T6 | Ipsilateral thoracic spine Cervical spine (diaphragm involved) |
Digestive Tract:
| Structure | Segmental innervation | Possible areas of pain referral |
| Gallbladder | T7-T9 | Right upper abdominal Right middle & lower thoracic spine including caudal aspect of scapula |
| Liver | T7-T9 | Right middle & lower thoracic spine Right cervical spine |
| Study | Reliability | Sn | Sp | LR+ | LR- |
| Boissonnault et al. (1990) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |